Tag Archives: writing

Complaint Letters/Emails: 2 Warm-ups

General

Writing a complaint letter sounds serious, right? But before I ask my students to get into that, let’s help them loosen up with two quick warm-ups!

 

First—let’s reflect. Do you often complain, or do you just let things go?

Then, let’s turn up the fun! There’s a challenge: can you guess the complaint just by interpreting a few clues? Some might be obvious, but others will definitely make them think!

Once we’ve had a good laugh (and maybe a little self-discovery), we’ll dive into writing complaint letters that actually get results. Here are the two quick warm-ups. Hope your students enjoy them.

WARM-UP 1: CONVERSATION QUESTIONS
  • Do you think you complain a lot, a little, or just enough? In what situations do you usually complain?
  • In your country/culture, is openly complaining common, or is it considered rude? How do people usually complain?
  • What do people in your city/country often complain about? (e.g., public transport, slow service, bad weather)?
  • Can you recall a time you complained and got a solution? How did you handle it?
  • Do you prefer to solve a problem by complaining or ignore it? Why?
WARM-UP 2: GUESS THE EMOJI

Let’s have fun!You will see emoji sequences and you must try to guess what type of complaint each represents.

 

Complaint emojis de cristina.cabal

Lesson Plan: Economy and Business Made Palatable with Elon Musk’s Visit

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Oh! We’ve all seen it happen—students start a speaking task, and suddenly, their vocabulary shrinks to the same five words they always use! Why? Because without revisiting and retrieving vocabulary first, their brains take the easy route. That’s why retrieval practice is golden! A quick vocab review—whether it’s a fast-paced game, a word association challenge, or a quick brainstorm—gives students the words they actually know but might not remember under pressure.

But how do we make economy and business—a topic that can feel dry or intimidating—actually exciting? Simple: we call in the richest man on the planet to help.

Warm-up

Imagine starting the lesson by asking, “If the richest person on the planet walked into this room, what would you ask them?” Boom—instant engagement!

Display a photo of Elon Musk and have students ask him questions. Now, open ChatGPT and write this prompt, “can you act like Elon Musk and answer a few questions?”Give students a minute or two to write their questions and type them in. Once ChatGPT answers, click the loudspeaker and let ChatGPT speak as Musk—just make sure you’ve chosen a masculine voice in advance.

Here’s the link to ChatGPT with the questions my students asked Elon. Excuse my typos. It was a quick exercise not meant to correct grammar or spelling.

By the way, lots of skills involved in this simple exercise: writing questions, understanding complex answers in both written and spoken form (remember by clicking on the Read aloud icon).

Retrieval Practice: Revising Vocabulary from their Textbooks

Now, tell students that Elon Musk has a challenge for them: “Guess my 10 favourite words about economy and business!”. The words he’s thinking of? They’re the same ones my students have been learning in class. But can they predict which ones made his list?

  1. Ask students to write 10 words related to business and economy that they have learned in the lesson on a separate sheet of paper. Give them one minute to do this.

  2. Swap papers with a classmate. Now, each student will read the list of words that their classmate wrote. This helps reinforce vocabulary because by reading someone else’s choices, they’re likely to remember even more words!

  3. While students are swapping papers and reflecting, the teacher has previously copy-pasted all the vocabulary that students have learned in this lesson into ChatGPT. Now, ask ChatGPT:”Can you act like Elon Musk and choose 10 words from this list that relate to business and economy?

  4. Once you’ve got your list of 10 words from ChatGPT, go back to the students and ask them to compare their list with the words that ChatGPT (as Elon Musk) has provided.  Again, more words reinforced

And, in my case, because I love playing around with AI, I’ve taken it up a notch by creating a talking avatar of Elon Musk to introduce the activity!  He’ll be the one saying the 10 words and getting everyone excited. I’m hoping he doesn’t take offence (but honestly, I think he’d be all for it)!

Note: you might need to pause the video in-between words. He speaks a bit too fast.

 

Elon Retrieval de cristina.cabal

Vocabulary. PDF with a vocabulary exercise.

Eight pages in their textbooks talking about economy? Far too much! So, I have decided to ask them to stick to a few words, learn them and use them. On this list, I have included the vocabulary from the book, plus a bit more. Enough. Plus, a fill- in the gaps exercise to see them in context.

  • To be involved in malpractice
  • Shareholders
  • A period of recession and austerity
  • Creditors
  • Deposits
  • To bankrupt
  • Raise start-up funds
  • To run your own business
  • To invest in networking
  • Assessing and taking risks
  • Upturn or decline in sales
  • Customers or clients
  • Overheads
  • Lay off people
  • Floating or launching the firm
  • To be flooded with orders
  • Business is picking up
  • To make cutbacks
  • Business ends up going under
  • We are hanging in
  • To take on staff
  • To make staff redundant
  • A downturn in sales
  • A drop in sales
  • Terminate a contract
  • Pitch for a contract

 

Crazy Writing: Activating Vocabulary in Writing

Time to write! This activity is a bit crazy, highly engaging, and exactly the kind of challenge C1 students need! So, instead of the usual sit-down-and-write approach, students will work in pairs, standing up and using the whiteboards to do the activity. No whiteboards? No problem! They can write on paper and then display their work on the classroom walls for everyone to see.

The key question they’ll have to write about is: How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your country’s business landscape? To “force” vocabulary, I will be suing two wheels. One wheel will be packed with key vocabulary (some they know, some they don’t), while the other will have grammar structures they will be asked to use. I’ll spin each wheel five times, and whatever lands, they must incorporate into their response. This twist adds an element of surprise and  forces them to adapt their writing on the spot.

This is what it looks like

Link to wheel

 

Speaking: Activating Vocabulary in a Speaking Activity

Business and economy de cristina.cabal

Yes, if you are wondering, I have asked AI to create the slides and the content in the questions. No need to waste some precious time doing things AI can do for you. You only need to know how to ask. Remember that.

Now, in my case, and for this activity, I have used the Speed Dating strategy. Always a hit.

I hope you have enjoyed the lesson. Keep posted for more creative ways to use technology in the classroom!

Creative, though Guided, Writing Challenge in 10 Sentences.

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Inspiration can be found in many places; in my case, pretty often while driving to work, but for this post, I was inspired by this post on one of the challenges found on Briantolentino’s blog , which offers a variety of activities to help students master writing.

We’ve all seen it – students learn fantastic new vocabulary and grammar structures, but when it comes to writing or speaking, they retreat to their comfort zone. While completely natural, this habit creates a gap between their knowledge and their actual language use.
This writing activity has two clear goals:

1. Create an engaging writing experience where students feel confident to experiment.
2. Build a framework that encourages students to use  newly learned  vocabulary and structures.

I’ve put together a Canva presentation (you’ll find it below) with all the instructions, challenges, and, of course, a little fun. Picture me as a dark-haired, mysterious woman standing next to the head of a huge black wolf, giving my students their mission. Sorry, but that’s just who I am. I’m also entitled to some fun!

THE ACTIVITY

Objective: Your task is to write a story in 10 sentences, but with a twist. You will be given instructions that must be followed at specific intervals. Each sentence of the instructions will be presented to you every three minutes. You will be working in pairs.

Below you will find my presentation. Yes, the woman with the wolf is a virtual version of myself.

Creative writing in 10 sentences de cristina.cabal

Instructions:

  • Every three minutes, a new instruction will be given to you. You must incorporate the instruction into your writing immediately.
  • If you finish writing before the three minutes are up, use the extra time to revise, edit, and reflect on what you have written so far. Think about how you can develop your story further or how to handle the next instruction.
  • It is important that you follow each instruction carefully. The story should evolve with each new challenge you receive.
  • When you finish writing the story, you will have 2 minutes to edit and fine-tune it

Important:  I’m lucky enough to have small whiteboards on the classroom walls, so I assigned one to each pair of students. But if you don’t have them, no worries! They can just write on a piece of paper and, once they’re done, use some blue-tack to stick them up on the walls. Easy!

What happens after the students have finished their stories?

Once they finish writing, they should sit down and work on a short task while you read their stories and underline any mistakes—but don’t correct them yet. They’ll need to go through and fix their own mistakes first. After that, check their work again and correct anything that still needs it.

Finally, students can read all the stories and vote for their favorite one. This part is optional, but it’s a fun way to wrap things up!

These is one of my classes doing the task. Thank you beautiful people for allowing me to use your image!

Creative writing de cristina.cabal

Writing a News Article: From Theory to Engaging Practice

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I know,  teaching students how to write a news article can feel a bit… uninspiring, right? Sure, we’ve all given them the “who, what, where, when, why, and how” spiel and shown a couple of examples. But then comes the big question: how do we make it exciting, hands-on, and memorable?

Picture this: your classroom is buzzing like a newsroom. There’s a clothesline of headlines strung across the room, and students get to pick one that sparks their curiosity. They, then, start writing their stories. Now, what? After that, each student’s headline goes back to the clothesline. Now, instead of just presenting their work, students pick a headline that catches their interest and become the audience for their peers’ stories. Sounds intriguing, right? If I’ve piqued your curiosity, keep on reading and below I’ll explain how this clothesline activity can transform the typical writing exercise into a dynamic and memorable learning experience!

Before we dive in, just a quick reminder: this is Part 3 of our series leading up to writing a complete news story. If you missed Parts 1 and 2, be sure to check them out to catch up on the grammar and writing activities that set the stage for this exciting final step

Step 1: The Theory; a.k.a the uninspiring part.

PDF

In the handout,

  • I’ll guide my students through the step-by-step process of writing a news article
  •  Provide two sample activities to get started. It begins like this

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Newspaper Article

1.Outline the Article Structure

Draft an outline based on the inverted pyramid structure, where the most critical information comes first. This typically includes:

    • Headline: A catchy title summarizing the main point.
    • Byline: The author’s name and possibly their role.
    • Lead Paragraph: The introduction that covers essential details.
    • Body paragraphs: Provide details in descending order of importance
    • Conclusion: wrap up the story

2. Focusing on the Headline Characteristics

  • Always be  concise and direct
  • Typically use: …

(refer to the PDF)

Step 2: Creating the Prompts for the Fake News Stories. The Beauty of Belnding Old and New

Back in the day, crafting 15 fake news headlines for a lesson? Absolutely not. Too much time, too much effort! But now? With AI, it’s  so easy!!!.

I hopped onto Canva and  wrote the prompt below—and, in seconds, I had them all. Then, I printed them (yep, old-school paper!), and bam—ready for class.

I want to give my C1 English students news headlines and some details of the story. Students will need to write the news story and be creative. Can you provide me with 15 news headlines and a  couple of details about the story using bullet points? They will also be required to use reported speech  so some direct quotes from people involved in the story are welcome. Include some fun headlines about EOI Avilés, a state language school in Asturias.

Link

Newspaper headlines de cristina.cabal

Step 3. Fake News on a Clotheslines

Next, I hung the cards  on some cute clothesline.

Students stood up, browsed the “news,” and picked their favorite headline -the stories included some hilarious takes about my school, EOI Avilés (those got the biggest laughs).-Then, they got to work writing their stories. I gave them 25 minutes to write their stories.  And just like that, you can turn a writing activity into something dynamic and interactive.

While students wrote their fake news stories, I got to work correcting their most important mistakes. It took longer than expected, so I handed out an extra exercise to keep them busy while I finished.

 

Final Step: Headline Hunt and Story Swap

For the final step, I divided the class into journalists and audience members. The journalists hung their prompts for headlines on the clothesline, giving a glimpse of what their stories were about. I asked the audience members to stand up, browse the prompts, and choose the one they were most curious to hear. OOnce selected, the audience members read their chosen headlines aloud, and the journalists who had written the corresponding stories raised their hands. They then paired up, with the journalists sharing their stories directly with the audience members. While I didn’t ask them to memorize their stories, they were encouraged to speak naturally and avoid reading directly from their texts, making their storytelling more engaging and dynamic.

They, then, changed roles.

FINAL THOUGHTS

This whole process got me thinking about how magical it is to mix traditional teaching methodologies with the innovative power of AI. AI takes care of the boring work—brainstorming, designing, even personalizing content—while I get to focus on the hands-on, human side of teaching. It’s like having a super-efficient assistant who works behind the scenes while I take center stage in the classroom.

And honestly, I think that’s the future of education. It’s not about choosing between AI and traditional methods. It’s about finding that sweet spot where the two complement each other. AI gives us tools to do the heavy lifting, but we still get to add that personal, human touch.

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Reporting Verbs in Action and some Engaging Writing Practice

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Looking for some ideas to bring some excitement into your classroom while teaching grammar and writing skills? Well, you’ve come to the right place! This blog is the second instalment in a three-part series where I design a complete lesson for C1 students, covering vocabulary, pronunciation, speaking, grammar, and writing, all centered around the theme of news and the media.

  • Part 1: from headlines to conversations: Building Media Vocabulary
  • Part 2: this is the one you are reading right now
  • Part 3: Writing a News Article: From Theory to Engaging Practice

This post is all about reporting verbs. But why focus on this bit of grammar when discussing the news and media? Typically, when you interview someone and then need to write a news article, you’ll likely want to sum up what they said. That’s where reporting verbs come in handy! So, here we go!

(Would you rather listen to the podcast where the content of this article is discussed? )

Warm.-up: Introducing Reporting Verbs
STEP 1. The Grammar.

First, write two sentences on the board and show them how a B2 student would rewrite them and how a C1 student would do it using a reporting verb.

He said:” I didn’t do it”

  • He said he hadn’t done it (B2)
  • He denied doing it (C1)

He said: “I won’t do your homework”

  • He said he wouldn’t do my homework (B2)
  • He refused to do my homework (C1)
STEP 2:  Half a Crossword

There are many reporting verbs, but I don’t want to overwhelm my students and tell them to study the grammar for the hundred verbs the book offers, so I am going to select a few and stick to them throughout the whole lesson. These are the ones they will have to study.

To introduce the reporting verbs I wanted them to study, I have used this tool that creates half crosswords. It gives you two versions of the crossword puzzle: Student A and Student B. Each version has only half the answers filled in. Students take turns describing their reporting verbs without directly giving the answer. Once the puzzles are filled, students compare answers to ensure everything matches.

NOTE: when you print the crossword, for some reason the numbers disappear. It was not a problem in my class, they just pointed to the blank they wanted to fill.

Manipulative. Reporting Verbs Matching Activity. PDF
Step 1. Matching

Ah, the never-failing traditional methods! Here’s a classic yet super effective activity to get students comfortable with reported speech. Give each pair of students a set of pre-prepared sentences and reporting verbs—yes, this means some cutting and prepping, but hey, these sets can be reused countless times! Their task? To identify and match each sentence with the correct reporting verb. Then, check the matches one by one as a class

Step 2:  Reporting the sentences

For each pair, ask the students to report the sentence aloud using the correct reporting verb. Write the correct reported sentence on the board and focus on the grammar.

Writing Challenge
STEP 1. Writing

Time to recycle spare photocopies!  Cut them into strips of paper large enough to write a long sentence on.

  • Ask students to pair up and give each pair 3 or 4 strips of paper.
  • Display the interactive activity below and ask someone in the class to choose a box
  • In their pairs, they will have about 2 minutes to come up with their best sentence using the reporting verb on display and, in the case of my students, trying to use vocabulary related to the news and the media: this is the lesson we are studying.
  • In the meantime, I will write the reporting verb on display on a post-it note and post it on a visible part of our classroom wall.
  • Once they have finished writing their “advanced” sentence, we will put them up on the wall, surrounding the verb. You can use Sellotape or Blue-tack for this.
  • Open a new box to reveal a new reporting verb and do it all over again. I have done this  5 or  6 times.
    What is your role as a teacher?  Yes, you need to be working, too. Once they have placed their sentences on the walls, you will need to correct their mistakes.
Step 2 Voting
Once the sentences have been written and mistakes have been corrected, instruct students to stand up in pairs and read all the sentences surrounding the nouns. They will now need to vote for the sentence they think is the best in terms of showing a more advanced level, regardless of the mistakes they might have made. To mark the sentence they like best, they will just have to put a tick on the strip of paper containing the sentence.
This has two aims:
1. To help students identify their own and their peers’ mistakes, which is a valuable learning experience.
2. By voting on the best sentence, students come to understand their own ability to distinguish between writing that meets the C1 level and writing that falls short.

 

And finally, the photocopy

PDF

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